The Mechanic Doctor – Resources for Amateur and Pro Auto Mechanics
There are mainly two types of car owners present out there. The one who always keeps his car’s key safe
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Catalyst Monitor – What does it do? The catalyst monitor checks the efficiency of the catalytic converter by monitoring the upstream (pre-cat) and downstream (post cat) oxygen sensors. The ECM expects to see large fluctuations in the upstream oxygen sensor. But if the catalytic converter is doing it’s job, the ECM should see an almost flat line from the downstream oxygen sensor. To test the efficiency of the catalytic converter, carmakers will command a series of rapid fluctuations in air fuel mixtures. It will then watch the results of both … Read More
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Heated Catalyst Monitor A catalytic converter must reach at least 400°F to 600°F before it can properly reduce emissions. Some carmakers equip their catalytic converters with a heater to speed up bring the catalytic converter to its operating temperature more quickly. This helps reduce emissions by reducing the converter’s down time when the engine is cold. The Heated Catalyst Monitor performs the same diagnostic tests as the catalyst Monitor, and also tests the catalytic converter’s heater for proper operation. This Monitor is also a “Two-Trip” Monitor. ©, 2022 Rick Muscoplat
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Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Monitor The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system reduces the formation of Oxides of Nitrogen during combustion by keeping combustion temperatures below 2500°F. The EGR system accomplishes the heat reduction by recirculating a small amounts of exhaust gas back into the intake manifold at cruising speeds, where it is mixed with the incoming air/fuel mixture. This reduces combustion temperatures by up to 500°F. The ECM determines when, for how long, and how much exhaust gas is recirculated back to the intake manifold. How the EGR Monitor works … Read More
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Evaporative System (EVAP) Monitor All OBD2 vehicles are equipped with a fuel Evaporative system (EVAP) that prevent fuel vapors from evaporating into the air. The EVAP system stores fuel vapor in a charcoal canister during fillup. After fillup, the ECM commands a purge cycle where the fuel vapors are burned in the engine and the system conducts and integrity test to ensure there are no fuel vapor leaks. Each manufacturer conducts the integrity test in their own way. How the EVAP system works After fillup, the system open a purge valve … Read More
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Secondary Air System Monitor Secondary air systems are used to jump start a cold catalytic converter and to cut down on cold start emissions. A catalytic converter must reach approximately 400° to 600°F in order to properly reduce emissions. When a cold engine is started, a large amount of fuel is unburned due to the “quench” effect of the cold combustion chamber and cylinder head. That unburned fuel then enters the cold catalytic converter where there’s not enough oxygen to burn it off. Lacking extra oxygen and heat, that raw … Read More
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Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Catalyst (NMHC) Monitor Some diesel vehicles include an extra catalyst called a Non-methane Hydrocarbon Catalyst. It’s designed to remove non-methane hydrocarbons (NMH) left over from the combustion process from the exhaust stream. The NMH catalyst materials react with the exhaust gases to convert CO, HC, Particulate Matter and Soluble Organic Fraction into CO2 and H2O. The computer checks the efficiency of the catalyst by monitoring the quantity of NMH in the exhaust stream. The monitor also verifies that sufficient temperature is present to aid in particulate matter (PM) … Read More
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NOx Aftertreatment Monitor Diesel vehicles are now required to reduce NOx even further. A special catalytic converter is used to accomplish the NOx reductions. The catalytic converter is treated with a special washcoat containing zeolites. The zeolite acts as a molecular “sponge” to trap the NO and NO2 molecules in the exhaust stream. In some implementations, injection of a reactant before the aftertreatment purges it. NO2 in particular is unstable, and will join with hydrocarbons to produce H2O and N2. The NOx Aftertreatment Monitor monitors the function of the NOx … Read More
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Boost Pressure System Monitor The boost pressure system is used on diesel engines to increase the pressure produced inside the intake manifold to a level greater than atmospheric pressure. The pressure increase helps to ensure compete combustion of the air-fuel mixture. The Boost Pressure System Monitor checks for component integrity and system operation, and tests for faults in the system. The computer runs this Monitor once per trip. The Boost Pressure System Monitor is a “Two-Trip” Monitor. If a fault is found on the first trip, the computer temporarily saves … Read More
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Exhaust Gas Sensor Monitor Used only on diesel engines, the exhaust gas sensor is used to determine the content of the exhaust stream. The computer checks for component integrity, system operation, and tests for faults in the system, as well as feedback faults that may affect other emission control systems. The Exhaust Gas Sensor Monitor is a “Two-Trip” Monitor. If a fault is found on the first trip, the computer temporarily saves the fault in its memory as a Pending Code. The computer does not command the MIL on at … Read More
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