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Evaporative System (EVAP) Monitor All OBD2 vehicles are equipped with a fuel Evaporative system (EVAP) that prevent fuel vapors from evaporating into the air. The EVAP system stores fuel vapor in a charcoal canister during fillup. After fillup, the ECM commands a purge cycle where the fuel vapors are burned in the engine and the system conducts and integrity test to ensure there are no fuel vapor leaks. Each manufacturer conducts the integrity test in their own way. How the EVAP system works After fillup, the system open a purge valve … Read More
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Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Monitor The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system reduces the formation of Oxides of Nitrogen during combustion by keeping combustion temperatures below 2500°F. The EGR system accomplishes the heat reduction by recirculating a small amounts of exhaust gas back into the intake manifold at cruising speeds, where it is mixed with the incoming air/fuel mixture. This reduces combustion temperatures by up to 500°F. The ECM determines when, for how long, and how much exhaust gas is recirculated back to the intake manifold. How the EGR Monitor works … Read More
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Heated Catalyst Monitor A catalytic converter must reach at least 400°F to 600°F before it can properly reduce emissions. Some carmakers equip their catalytic converters with a heater to speed up bring the catalytic converter to its operating temperature more quickly. This helps reduce emissions by reducing the converter’s down time when the engine is cold. The Heated Catalyst Monitor performs the same diagnostic tests as the catalyst Monitor, and also tests the catalytic converter’s heater for proper operation. This Monitor is also a “Two-Trip” Monitor. ©, 2022 Rick Muscoplat
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Catalyst Monitor – What does it do? The catalyst monitor checks the efficiency of the catalytic converter by monitoring the upstream (pre-cat) and downstream (post cat) oxygen sensors. The ECM expects to see large fluctuations in the upstream oxygen sensor. But if the catalytic converter is doing it’s job, the ECM should see an almost flat line from the downstream oxygen sensor. To test the efficiency of the catalytic converter, carmakers will command a series of rapid fluctuations in air fuel mixtures. It will then watch the results of both … Read More
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Fuel System Monitor — How it works The Fuel System Monitor is actually more of a Fuel System Correction program. The ECM is constantly monitoring how well it did in calculating fuel-to-air ratios. When it must make an adjustment from factory programming; either by adding fuel or subtracting fuel, it enters those corrections into either short term fuel corrections or long term fuel corrections. Those corrections are referred to as Fuel Trim What is Fuel Trim? Fuel Trim is a set of positive and negative adjustments to factory air/fuel programming … Read More
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Misfire Monitor — Readiness Monitor for Misfires In short, the I/M Readiness Misfire Monitor is a continuous monitor that is always checking for r engine misfires. How misfires are detected The misfire monitor detects misfires in two ways. In vehicles equipped with smart ignition coils, the COP coil itself reports a misfire to the ECM. In other vehicles, the misfire monitor tracks the crankshaft position sensor to detect a slowdown in crankshaft rotation that indicates a cylinder didn’t fire or “contribute” power. Engine RPM isn’t constant; instead it’s a series … Read More
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Comprehensive Component Monitor —CCM I/M Monitor The CCM continuously checks all inputs and outputs from all the sensors, actuators, switches and other devices that provide a signal to the computer. The comprehensive component monitor is always looking for a short, open, out of range value, functionality and “rationality.” What is rationality in a monitor? The simple answer is this; the computer is checking to see if the sensor’s value makes sense. The computer compares all other inputs and against information in the computer’s memory to see if the values are … Read More
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Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor The Oxygen Sensor Heater Monitor’s job is to constantly monitor the operation of the oxygen sensor’s heater. There are two modes of operation on a computer-controlled vehicle: “open-loop” and “closed-loop.” The vehicle operates in open-loop when the engine is cold. During open loop, the ECM calculates fuel based on outside air temperature and engine coolant temperature sensor readings only, ignoring data from the oxygen sensors. However, once the oxygen sensors’ heaters bring the sensor up to 600°F operating temperature, the ECM switches to closed loop operation … Read More
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Oxygen Sensor Monitor In simple terms, the Oxygen Sensor’s only job is to monitor how much oxygen is in the vehicle’s exhaust stream. The ECM uses this information to determine how good of a job it did in calculating the air/fuel ratio based on the current driving conditions (outside air temperature, engine temperature, accelerator pedal position, air mass, etc.). Based on the results, the ECM makes changes to future air/fuel calculations. How oxygen sensors work Carmakers use various types of oxygen sensors, with the most recent designs called air/fuel ratio … Read More
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